Choosing the uterine preservation surgery for placental polyp determined by blood flow evaluation: A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND A placental polyp is an intrauterine polypoid mass or pedunculated mass occurring from residual trophoblastic tissue following abortion, cesarean section or vaginal delivery. Recently uterine preservation surgery represented by transcervical resection (TCR) has been performed for placental polyps. However TCR without intravascular intervention, including uterine artery embolization (UAE) may cause profound bleeding which necessitate emergency laparotomy. METHODS Seventeen cases of placental polyp were retrospectively examined. We divided cases into two groups: strong vascularity group (n = 13) and weak vascularity group (n = 4). Mass extraction of polyp by TCR was conducted in 16 cases, 6 case without UAE and 10 cases with UAE. RESULTS As for the weak vascularity group, one case was naturally resolved while planning surgery and 3 cases were treated with TCR without UAE without major intra- and/or postoperative bleeding. On the other hand in the strong vascularity group, 2 out of 3 cases of TCR without UAE resulted in major bleeding during and after the surgery, both needed transfusion and one needing postoperative UAE. Ten cases of strong vascularity group, TCR with UAE were performed and all of them were accomplished without major bleeding. TCR without UAE was safely performed in cases where there was absent or mild to moderate blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Our report suggests that adding UAE might be safer to treat placental polyps that have strong vascularity.